Lychakov, N. I., Saprykin, D. L., & Vanteeva, N. (2020). Not Backward: Comparative Labour Productivity In British And Russian Manufacturing, Circa 1908 (WP BRP 199/HUM/2020). National Research University Higher School of Economics. This recent paper says that the Russian Empire, far from being in a general sense of “economic backwardness”, was better viewed as essentially…
